The Bottom Billion by Paul Collier. New York: Oxford University Press, 2007.
Economist Paul Collier brings a new perspective to the string of recent economic analyses of global development, following from the important volumes by Jeffrey Sachs (The End of Poverty) and William Easterly (The White Man’s Burden), also discussing from very different perspectives the failures of foreign aid in redressing global development. Collier provides a data-based rational analysis of the various traps - hypotheses for causes of and remedies for global poverty. He focuses on the very poorest of nations, arguing that wealthier nations ignore these countries at our peril. Most of the book reviews the evidence for causes of poverty, concluding that four traps are primary causes: conflict (coups, civil war, etc), natural resources (eg oil, diamonds), being landlocked (and therefore lacking prospects for trade), and bad governance; in addition, he carefully maps the unfortunate interactions among these traps. In the concluding chapters, Collier proposes constructive approaches (rather than the current ones that make things worse). His book is very timely and the recommended approaches sensible and possible. This book made me realize that the most important aspect of globalization is mass communication, making it impossible to keep anyone ‘down on the farm.’ While there are many unfortunate legacies from the colonial past, the colonial tactics of suppression and control will not work for long on a population as those with personal resources will leave, and many of those remaining will die, literally or figuratively. Those of us who wish to improve life on this earth must grasp this new reality and play constructive roles now. Collier’s book provides thoughtful recommendations to do that.
~Anne Petersen